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Class 10 Class 12

Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

What happens when?
methyl Bromide is treated with sodium in the presence of dry ether.

When methyl bromide treated with sodium in presence of dry ether, ethane is form.

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Primary alkyl halide C₄H₉Br (a) reacted with alcoholic KOH to give compound (b). Compound (b) is treated with HBr to give (c) which is an isomer of (a). When (a) is reacted with sodium metal it gives a compound (d), C₈H₁₈ that was different from the compound when n-butyl bromide was reacted with sodium. Give the structural formula of (a) and write the equations for all the reactions.

There can be only two primary alkyl bromides with molecular formula C₄H₉Br.

According to the problem when alkyl bromide (a) was treated with sodium, it gave a compound which is not a straight chain hydrocarbon. Therefore (a) cannot be butyl bromide. It may be isobutyl bromide. The complete reactions are

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How the following conversion is carried out?
Chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol.

Conversion of chlorobenzene to p-nitrophenol.

The mixture of the products is separated by fractional crystallisation and the para iosmer is used in the next step as follows: